Door, window and motion detectors report suspicious activity to a central station that then informs local police, fire or emergency response teams of what has occurred. The 2212 system can monitor up to 40 points of detection including wireless smoke/heat detectors.
Note: A Radionics panel that has the default dealer code 12345 that was never changed will remain locked up, making only its original installer’s programmer capable of accessing it. This feature is encoded into its firmware to prevent unlicensed dealers from accessing your system’s programming; this does not apply to RPS-enhanced systems, however. To add points you will need to change point code (digits 4 and 5) then follow programming procedures either using D5200 Programmer or RPS.
Contacts
In order to ensure that an alarm or emergency notification can reach the appropriate people quickly and accurately, it is crucial that all necessary contact phone numbers are programmed into your system. You can do this by accessing programming mode and inputting desired numbers using command codes or keypad buttons – though this process may seem complex at first. Luckily, there are various troubleshooting tips available which will make this task simpler.
Once a number has been entered into the system, it is imperative that it can dial it in an emergency situation successfully. This can be accomplished through simulating alarms or events or simulating actual emergency scenarios to verify that numbers have been activated successfully. Furthermore, it is advised to test both low voltage transformers as well as panel/keypad batteries periodically.
Radionics 2212 alarm systems provide comprehensive protection for homes and businesses alike. Their user-friendly interface and scalable design makes expanding or upgrading as security needs change easy, with backup power supplies and secure communication protocols to maintain uninterrupted functionality during outages and hacking attempts. Plus, with its contact list function the radionics 2212 can notify both you and designated contacts in case of alarm or emergencies quickly and reliably.
Keypads
Keypads allow users to enter a passcode to activate and monitor their system, while providing instantaneous status updates on its status and events. Your keypad also emits pulsing tones or displays text alerting you of system events.
Pressing the [C] key will display all programmed RF points; pressing it again brings back up the menu for selection of an RF point.
24-hour monitoring points monitor detection devices such as smoke detectors. These points cannot be disabled.
Alarms
The Radionics 2212 Alarm System provides a flexible, dependable, and feature-packed security solution for both residential and commercial properties. Its user-friendly interface and customizable features make configuring, programming, and operating simple; its encrypted communication protocols and backup power supplies ensure it continues functioning even during power outages; its scalable nature enables expansion to cover larger properties or additional areas as needed.
Radionics 2212 Alarm System provides users with an invaluable feature: timely notifications. Users can customize primary, secondary, and event-specific phone numbers so that timely alerts can be received in case of security breaches or emergencies.
To program phone numbers for the Radionics 2212 Alarm System, users must first access its programming menu by entering a code on the keypad and following its prompts. After programming is complete, it is vital that phone number configuration be tested so as to ensure the system will call these designated numbers should an emergency or alarm occur.
If you encounter difficulties configuring phone numbers for your alarm system, here are a few troubleshooting strategies that should help. Double-Check Phone Number Formatting: Make sure that phone numbers are entered accurately according to their specified format – mistakes in formatting could prevent the system from dialing them correctly leading to delays or missed calls. Verify Connectivity and Signal Strength: Ensure the system is connected securely with telephone lines or cellular networks and that its signal strength and connectivity issues don’t prevent it from sending notifications as planned.
Once phone numbers have been configured, users can also utilize the keypad to bypass an alarm condition at a point that has recently come under alarm. To do this, first ensure the display shows “SYSTEM READY or ZONES NORMAL”, after which the keypad will display the name of an open zone or window that needs bypassing along with prompts for pressing PUSH BYPASS.
Bring on smoother and brighter complexion with this effective skin therapy wand. It energizes and oxygenates the skin to increase cellular activity for visible reduction of fine lines and wrinkles; reduces redness; controls inflammation; controls blemishes; improves absorption rates of beauty creams and serums; and more!
Features
Our portable handheld high frequency skin therapy wand is an innovative device that works to improve overall skin tone and texture, fighting blemishes and dark spots while making your complexion appear smoother. It releases painless galvanic waves to stimulate collagen, improve blood flow, treat acne and more.
The Wand comes complete with several attachments designed to meet your specific needs, including a fusion neon + argon applicator for wrinkle reduction, y-shaped applicators for treating arms and neck areas, comb wands for hair and scalp treatment and rod wands to treat larger portions of face or body areas. Furthermore, quick-start treatment guides and instruction manuals are included to make your experience easy.
High Frequency treatments are an established, 100% natural way of improving skin elasticity over time, helping reduce fine lines and soften wrinkles while helping your favorite beauty creams and serums penetrate deeper layers of the skin more efficiently.
FIGHT ACNE AT THE SOURCE – NuDerma Clinical reverses time by revitalizing and oxygenating skin at its cellular level to eliminate breakouts, control oiliness, and smooth your complexion 90% faster than traditional methods. In doing so, subdermal inflammation caused by blemishes is killed to create an even complexion with more vibrant tones.
This machine can also help treat dry and scaly skin by increasing its hydration levels and stimulating cell turnover, as well as helping reduce scars, stretch marks, wrinkles and age spots. While results will differ for each person using the treatment, its safe and effective nature generally applies across most skin types – although sensitive individuals should use caution as using this treatment could result in irritation.
Benefits
Instant Skin Radiance High-frequency treatment energizes and oxygenates skin at a cellular level for instantaneous radiance. Furthermore, this innovative technique eliminates subdermal causes of inflammation quickly to smoothen out blemishes for smoother skin – all within just one session! Plus it’s completely safe and 100% natural: all in all an ideal solution to keep in mind for overall skin health!
Natural Way to Increase Skin Elasticity Natural ways of increasing collagen production and skin elasticity is an excellent way to slow the aging process, with high frequency treatment increasing skin elasticity to reduce fine lines and soften wrinkles, while boosting their effectiveness up to fivefold.
Anti-Aging Neon Applicators
Our four Neon powered applicators deliver targeted skin boosting benefits no matter your skin type. By stimulating and oxygenating cells to increase cellular activity – similar to exercising for your face! With regular use, regular users will notice less fine lines and wrinkles over time.
Acne Management Naturally
This patent technology harnesses the combined powers of Neon and Argon into an all-in-one machine for natural acne management, featuring skin boosting, blemish control and healing all in one tool. Simply switch between Neon and Argon power applicators to reduce acne causing bacteria while encouraging your body’s natural inflammatory response without resorting to chemicals or drugs.
Warranty
Skin therapy machines enhance the effectiveness of beauty products by increasing absorption. They also stimulate collagen production to give firmer, younger-looking skin. High frequency skin therapy wands provide customized treatments tailored specifically to each user, such as acne treatment or wrinkle reduction; some even feature built-in cooling to avoid skin irritation. When selecting your machine be sure to read over its warranty terms to ensure you’re purchasing something with an outstanding return policy.
NuDerma Clinical Device for Acne TreatmentWant to know more about how NuDerma clinical device can treat acne? With its high frequency energy, NuDerma’s handheld high-frequency skin therapy wand energises and oxygenates your cells at the cellular level, leading to clearer complexion, reduced fine lines and wrinkles, as well as treating other issues like rosacea or hyperpigmentation – this device is safe for all skin types allowing safe application on both your face or body!
This handheld device uses neon and argon gas-filled tubes to transmit a mild electrical current through the skin, increasing blood circulation while signaling cells to receive vital nutrients, giving skin a healthy glow. High frequency treatments may also be applied on body areas to stimulate collagen, reduce cellulite or treat sun damage.
The NuDerma portable high-frequency skin therapy wand comes equipped with a powerful NuDerma handle and six specialized fusion neon + argon applicators – including Y-shaped and bent wands for neck/arm areas, bent ones for cheek/forehead areas, as well as one designed specifically to treat tongue & hair loss! In addition, quick start treatment guides and instructions are included with each tool for convenient use.
Shipping
Our wands ship directly from our manufacturer in the USA using FedEx Ground to your home or office, complete with tracking number. They’re also fully insured against damage during shipment so you can purchase with peace of mind.
Reduce Fine Lines & Wrinkles – High frequency sessions provide oxygenated energy to increase cell activity in your skin and, with regular usage, lead to decreased fine lines and wrinkles.
Nuderma’s application combats bumpy blemish-prone skin at its source – subdermal inflammation – to produce smooth and radiant complexion after only one session of use.
Enhance Your Beauty Serums and Creams – Our powerful wand enhances the absorption of serums and creams, increasing their effectiveness by improving their ability to be absorbed by dry skin. Furthermore, this device can also be used directly on dry skin to maximize results of skin products you rely on every day.
Our wands use mild electrical current to send mild neon, argon or fusion neon + argon gas-filled glass tubes and pass a mild electrical current through them, stimulating cells and collagen in your skin to energize. Available with 5 strength levels and 4 or 6 special applicators designed specifically to treat problem areas of both face and body – you can treat all your problem areas from the comfort of home!
Bioresonance focused ultrasound is an integrative healing modality that works by harmonizing and restoring cell communication – helping your body effectively fight off pathogens and harmful toxins.
UVA Health researchers are creating focused ultrasound devices to enhance quality-of-life for those living with essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson’s disease tremors. Focused ultrasound provides therapeutic benefits without surgery or radiation exposure.
Treatment of Lung Tumors
Primary and metastatic lung tumor treatment options available today for primary and metastatic tumors include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy; however, for many patients who cannot undergo surgery due to advanced disease stages or significant medical problems preventing surgery – focused ultrasound offers an alternative that could significantly enhance quality of life and survival rates.
Researchers have recently demonstrated how focused ultrasound therapy can create therapeutic benefits to target cancerous lung tissue without harming adjacent normal tissue. This technology focuses beams of high-frequency ultrasonic energy on targeted sites within the body without incisions or radiation; as well as precise ablation (thermal destruction) while stimulating immunity systems to eliminate remaining cancer cells.
Mittelstein and Mikhail Shapiro, a professor of chemical engineering at Caltech, formed a joint research team to explore the bioeffects caused by focused ultrasound devices on hepatocellular carcinoma – a form of liver cancer known for its tendency to appear in localized patches on its victim’s livers and be difficult to treat effectively.
Preclinical trials using focused ultrasound technology demonstrated its ability to successfully eradicate hepatic carcinoma in mice livers using this device, comparable with surgical techniques and significantly outperforming chemotherapy drug treatments. As a result, further clinical trials are now planned.
Researchers are using focused ultrasound to treat lung metastases, which result from tumors spreading to other organs in the body and landing in the lungs. Focused ultrasound has proven its efficacy at either eliminating or significantly shrinking these tumors without harming lung tissue – it may even be used in combination with immunotherapy therapy for maximum effectiveness.
Multiple high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) systems for treating prostate cancer have been approved in the US and other countries. One device, TULSA-PRO, is currently undergoing evaluation in a randomized trial comparing active surveillance to radical prostatectomy.
The goal of the foundation’s research efforts is to bring this work from preclinical to clinical stages so it can be used by humans living with both primary and metastatic lung tumors, improving lives in both cases. Focused ultrasound has the power to destroy tumors without surgery or side effects seen with traditional therapies; its potential of eliminating cancerous growth offers hope to many patients and their families living with lung tumors.
Prevention of Cancer
With bioresonance focused ultrasound therapy (BRT), your body is able to restore the natural electromagnetic resonance of healthy organs, initiating a healing process by itself. Also referred to as electrodermal testing, bio-energetic therapy or vibrational medicine, bioresonance therapy uses electromagnetic frequencies as diagnostic and curative agents – it’s noninvasive, natural and yields incredible results!
According to a new study published in Applied Physics Letters, researchers believe low-intensity pulses of ultrasound can destroy cancerous cells without harming surrounding tissue. They conducted their experiment using microbubbles with lipid membranes emitting ultrasound waves as therapeutic therapy on human cancer cells in culture in a lab environment; results demonstrated increased tumor sensitivity while sparing surrounding cells; this could become part of targeted therapy treatment of glioblastoma cancer, an aggressive form of brain cancer.
Traditional treatments for glioblastoma include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy; however, each of these invasive procedures carries risks and complications including the possibility of hemorrhage, infection and permanent brain damage due to drug leakage from incision sites. Furthermore, surgery and radiation may cause side effects like hair loss, incontinence and impotence that must also be considered when selecting treatments.
In contrast, HIFU is a noninvasive procedure that uses real-time imaging to direct soundwaves directly into the prostate gland. HIFU technology creates a focal point of ultrasound energy within seconds which heats and destroys diseased tissue while leaving unaffected areas.
HIFU therapy has already been approved for prostate cancer by the Food and Drug Administration, and several centers across the US provide it. Medicare and commercial insurers have begun covering it as a salvage therapy after failed radiation, but its widespread availability remains limited.
HIFU offers several advantages over surgery: It is less invasive, has lower rates of complications and faster recovery times; furthermore it is safe and effective treatment for older patients; unlike other cancer treatments HIFU doesn’t expose its patients to any ionizing radiation exposure making it ideal for men who have undergone radiation before; additionally HIFU may serve as an additional component in chemotherapy or immunotherapy regimens.
Prevention of Inflammation
Bioresonance focused ultrasound therapy (also referred to as electrodermal testing, vibrational medicine or electro-acoustic resonance therapy) is one of the simplest strategies available to reduce inflammation. This noninvasive method uses electromagnetic frequencies to harmonize and balance your natural energy fields within your body thereby encouraging self-healing and self-healing.
Each day, over 50 million cells in our bodies die as part of the normal, healthy process of apoptosis – but sometimes, disease or injury interrupt this natural cycle and it becomes disturbed. Your immune system has been programmed to recognize this difference between healthy cells and those that undergo apoptosis and target only those that trigger an immune response while leaving healthy ones alone.
Researchers published in Neurosurgery found that focused ultrasound could effectively kill brain tumors and activate immune systems to combat any remaining cancer cells, providing both primary and salvage treatments; in other words, after other cancer therapies have been applied.
Focused ultrasound may offer an effective alternative to surgery and radiation for treating prostate cancer, while also being an invaluable complement to drug therapy, by targeting tumors directly with chemotherapy drugs and creating an anti-tumor immune response.
Jeff Elias of UVA Health led a team of researchers in using focused ultrasound to effectively treat essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), by targeting the area of the brain that regulates movement. Their study will be presented next week at Radiological Society of North America annual meeting, showing its efficacy as an ET and PD treatment.
The study demonstrated how therapeutic high-frequency ultrasound and microcurrent, or their combination, altered how both innate and adaptive immune systems responded to injury. At low pressure (stable cavitation), therapeutic ultrasound effectively limited RBC, immune cell concentrations and tissue extravasation/cell damage while at higher pressures it caused extravasation of RBC, debris cells and immunity cells from lesions sites as well as increased TJ opening and plasma interleukins levels at lesion sites.
Treatment of Pain
Pain is a debilitating condition caused by injuries, infections or chronic diseases like diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis. Current treatments include pharmaceutical solutions as well as physical methods like physiotherapy and acupuncture for relieving discomfort.
Focused ultrasound technology uses focused sound waves to deposit energy directly into the body for therapeutic purposes, including tissue ablation and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. It has been clinically proven as noninvasive, painless and safe for all age groups.
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is an innovative method of thermal ablation used percutaneously and has been successfully utilized in numerous clinical trials for treating various tumors such as prostate, uterine, breast, bone and liver cancers. Furthermore, this non-invasive and MRI compatible procedure allows it to be done outside of an MRI suite environment.
Recent research shows HIFU to be an effective and safe way to treat essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) tremors. Results presented this week at the Radiological Society of North America annual meeting reveal MR-HIFU as an alternative treatment option to reduce these movement disorders’ tremors.
Researchers discovered that ET and PD can be effectively treated using focused ultrasound, which targets the area of the brain that controls muscle movements that cause these tremors. A patient lies down and wears a headset that delivers acoustic energy directly into this specific region of their brain responsible for creating these tremors; patients in this study received one 45-minute session of focused ultrasound treatment.
Bioresonance therapy is an extraordinary therapeutic tool, using acoustic waves to harmonize discordant frequencies, thus improving cell health and restoring homeostasis within the body. Furthermore, its use also promotes antibacterial, viral and fungal effects depending on intensity of frequency used and duration of exposure; such technologies are currently being reexamined as possible solutions for fighting antibiotic resistance.
Radionics is a form of energy healing that uses our natural intuition to identify and address imbalances within an aura, working on both prephysical and physical levels regardless of distance.
SRT involves administering one high dose of radiation directly targeted to an intracranial lesion using a stereotactic frame or halo. Imaging-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technologies have improved SRT accuracy.
What is Radionics?
Radionics is an alternative healing approach that utilizes special devices to detect and balance subtle energies. Practitioners believe these devices detect imbalances in energy flow to restore health and promote wellness. Although technically classified as pseudoscience, many have reported benefits from Radionics treatments; therefore it should be included as part of a holistic wellness plan with professional advice before considering it for yourself.
Albert Abrams created an early 20th-century device known as the Radiation Instrument that enabled him to detect disease and illness using oscillating electromagnetic fields. Although it proved effective over short distances, such devices couldn’t bridge vast reaches of space and time between planets; subspace and holocomm systems eventually replaced this earlier one and it fell out of use altogether.
Radionics is a highly effective form of alternative medicine that combines quantum mechanics, ancient knowledge of the universe, and vibrational frequencies into an energetic form of healing that can address many conditions including physical and emotional illness as well as animals, plants, soil and crops.
Before each session, patients/owners/trainers complete a case history and give their permission for treatment. A small sample of hair from the patient or owner/trainer serves as a link between them and practitioner based on the principle that even small parts (i.e. the hair sample) of a whole can reflect its energy pattern.
Practitioners then assess each case, and use radionics machine to create customized frequencies corresponding to imbalances within the body, before transmitting these back into it for absorption and rebalancing.
Many radionics practitioners offer virtual or distance sessions, enabling clients to receive treatment from the comfort of their own homes. Although this option can be helpful, some prefer in-person appointments in order to develop an intimate connection with their practitioner and get a full picture of what their needs may be.
Can Radionics work for my horse or other animal?
Radionics may help some horses and other animals. As an energy therapy technique, Radionics recognizes when there may be energetic disturbances underlying behavioral or physical symptoms and works to restore normal energy fields. Radionics is considered complementary and holistic therapy and may be used in tandem with traditional medical approaches; however it should not be seen as an alternative form of care; Radionic Practitioners require proof from a vet that their patient is under proper veterinary supervision before providing services to an animal under Radionics treatment.
For this study, researchers interviewed part-time therapists working part time and having less than 10 active clients at any one time. Six of them specialize in horse therapy while two have much larger human client bases while two also provide other bodywork modalities while also working on dogs.
From among ten therapists interviewed, all but three use word of mouth as their main marketing method, while three rely on websites, brochures and leaflets as marketing techniques. Only one uses social media; most interviewees had websites or email lists.
Numerous therapists interviewed highlighted that their services incorporate an extensive level of customer co-creation with clients to meet individual needs, which is particularly significant among equine therapists who may work with sensitive information relating to both horse and owner.
Clients typically give their therapist a strand of their own hair as an analytical and therapeutic link, using it for analysis and treatment purposes. This method works on the holographic principle whereby small parts (in this case strands of hair) taken from an object reflects its entire energy pattern – this could also work using coins, tissue pieces or nose specks as alternative links; but using hair is usually preferred.
Therapists also reported an increasing demand for Radionics as more people realize its efficacy for various issues ranging from aches and pains to behavioral problems. Radionics can even be used on horses who experience anxiety during dressage tests, travel or competition; its aim being to promote relaxation and reduce nerves.
Can Radionics work for me?
Radionics differs from orthodox medicine in that it relies on energy vibrations that cannot be physically measured, rather than rigorous scientific research as its basis for healing. Radionics is considered pseudoscience but is used both on humans, animals, plants, soil and more as an alternative approach.
Energy or Vibrational Medicine (EVM) is an noninvasive therapy which uses vibrational frequencies to relieve physical, emotional and psychological discomforts caused by blockages of energy within our systems. The aim is to restore natural healthy flows of energies.
Experience has shown that in numerous instances the symptoms associated with long-standing conditions like asthma and hay fever have been greatly reduced or eliminated altogether. Physical ailments including skeletal, muscular and digestive complaints as well as anxiety and hypersensitivity have all been treated. Furthermore, treatment helps unblock natural healing energies within the body to bring greater wellbeing for those experiencing depression, panic attacks or chronic fatigue.
Animals of all sorts – from domestic pets to racing and showhorses – respond well to this therapy, particularly behavioral issues such as stress and tension stemming from competition or fearful situations. Additionally, it has long been used as a treatment option for ailments like colic and laminitis in horses; making this an especially helpful treatment option for competition horses seeking peak performance under pressure.
Initial consultations between clients and practitioners allow both sides to agree upon the goal of treatment, often by giving bodily samples as part of a link between themselves and an instrument such as radionic machine known as ‘the black box’ that can recognize specific ailments or issues present in their bodies – usually hair samples, although other methods like finger tips, tissue or even nose dirt samples may also work just as effectively – and an automated healing session starting. Once this sample has been provided for submission into the machine along with completed health questionnaire, healing sessions begin automatically during sessions that ensue during healing sessions.
Can Radionics work for you?
Radionics is an intuitive healing technique that employs our natural intuitive abilities both for analysis of energetic disturbances or illnesses as well as treatment to restore optimal energetic balance and flow, leading to full health recovery. Radionics is non-invasive therapy which can be implemented either onsite or remotely depending on individual requirements and availability.
This unique energy medicine is founded on the theory that matter and energy are inextricably linked, and that different forms of matter emit specific electromagnetic frequencies that can be detected and managed using an instrument known as a radionics machine.
Analysis allows practitioners to detect particular energy sources that cause disease patterns or symptoms by connecting their instrument to a sample from the patient (often hair or blood), acting as a link into their energy field. Treatment allows practitioners to use specific frequencies that will correct imbalances for healing and wellbeing.
Equine practitioners can utilize energy healing for treating various issues in horses, such as nervous or fearful horses becoming more settled after treatment, while aggression or biting issues may also be addressed effectively.
Radionics can also be utilized to treat behavioral issues in competition animals involved with dressage, show jumping or eventing where stress levels may be an issue. Radionics is particularly useful in improving confidence and performance for nervous or unruly horses so that they may enter new environments more calmly while remaining more focused on the task at hand.
At an animal treatment session, practitioners hold the animal gently in order to help promote healing; sometimes photographs or sound recordings of them are used instead of their presence. A client must complete and give consent for treatment to take place, which may also include veterinary care as well as alternative therapies.
GDV (twisted stomach) refers to a condition in which the stomach becomes overstretched and rotated clockwise (present in 95% of cases).
SARS is an acute and life-threatening infection. Urgent surgical attention may be needed in order to save a victim, including using isotonic fluids and hetastarch as lifesaving measures.
Surgical Stabilization
Initial steps in managing GDV include surgical stabilization. This may involve resuscitating and stabilizing the stomach (orifice) through gastropexy. This may help decrease recurrence rates as well as enable early discharge from hospital.
Anesthesia will require performing a ventral midline celiotomy with adequate exposure of the stomach and gentle retractiion of its greater omentum, followed by passing an orogastric tube to decompress any gas distention and help identify whether volvulus is organoaxial or mesenteroaxial in direction. Once identified, stomach can be repositioned using either infero-lateral traction on its greater curvature and omentum or opening diaphragm anteriorly as appropriate or using Judet strut support to assist its rotation.
Once a stomach has been repositioned, a patient should be closely observed for at least 48 hours in order to make sure that it has not twisted back or become larger than expected. If too large a stomach becomes, it may occlude the esophagus and prevent belching or vomiting to release excess gasses; resulting in serious complications including bowel perforation, liver/pancreas damage, sepsis/bacterial sepsis infections/hepatitis/renal disease/even death.
Rib fixation is an integral component of managing severe flail chest. A recent randomized trial demonstrated that patients treated with Judet rib plates experienced shorter hospital lengths of stay than those managed conservatively with a tracheostomy and chest tube, less nosocomial pneumonia cases, and faster returns to normal pulmonary function.
GDV may not be the sole cause of severe flail chest in all patients; however, it remains the most prevalent. Therefore, all veterinarians must possess an in-depth understanding of GDV in order to detect it quickly in an emergency situation and know what action are taken if suspected.
Decompression
GDV is a life-threatening condition characterized by abnormal distention of the stomach (Dilation), followed by violent rotation (Volvulus). This rotation causes closure of both pylorus and cardiac sphincters which prevent expulsion of gasses or secretions that build up within. As blood flow to the stomach wall becomes impaired, this leads to obstruction and eventually necrosis of stomach walls resulting in necrosis of these walls.
Decompression should occur as quickly as possible. A smooth-surfaced orogastric tube is the easiest and safest way to do this, provided minimal force and care are used during its passage to avoid perforating the esophagus. Aspiration of gastric contents should not occur while performing this procedure; percutaneous gastrocentesis can be used if necessary. Percutaneous gastrocentesis is an alternative approach for the release of excess stomach gas that has proven highly successful compared with orogastric tube decompression. Prior to performing percutaneous gastrocentesis, any area accessed should be clipped and aseptically prepared so as to prevent accidental puncture of the spleen covering the stomach; then a large-bore needle inserted through skin and abdominal wall into stomach can release any excess gasses that have collected.
Radiographs may not always be required for diagnosing GDV; however, common radiographic findings in those suffering from the condition include overdistention of the stomach with gas, displacement of the pylorus dorsally and to the left and compartmentalization on radial views of the stomach on lateral radiographs; this condition often manifests itself with splenomegaly; radiographs can also show ventral herniation of either diaphragm or pneumoperitoneum in cases involving herniation of bowel herniation.
Gastropexy surgery may be used both as an initial surgical treatment for GDV episodes as well as prophylactically in dogs at high risk. It involves attaching the stomach directly to the abdominal wall in order to lower risk of dilatation and volvulus.
Surgical Correction
Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus syndrome, more commonly referred to as “Bloat”, occurs when an animal’s stomach becomes overfilled with gas, fluid or food to such an extent that its short axis must twist (Volvulus). When this happens, belching or vomiting are common signs of GDV; otherwise oxygen deprivation causes hypovolemic shock which must be addressed quickly with surgery from their veterinarian for life-saving intervention.
As part of surgery, it is vital to provide sufficient perfusion by administering intravenous fluid therapy and oxygen therapy via oxygen administration. Blood tests should be run to assess severity of metabolic disturbance as well as evaluate for sepsis; once stabilized, abdominal exploration must take place to correct malposition of stomach contents.
Aseptic preparation of the abdomen should be performed using a cranioventral midline approach for surgery. A complete inspection should be made of both stomach and spleen for signs of viability, including any areas of ischemia along their greater curvature and into the cardia of each organ. Furthermore, torsion or evidence of ischemia should also be assessed; should either exist, surgical removal may be recommended to decrease risk of GDV recurrence.
Most surgeons perform gastropexy, in which the stomach is sutured to the abdominal wall. This procedure may be part of surgical therapy for GDV or performed prophylactically for dogs at increased risk for GDV; gastropexy can help both initial and recurrent episodes by providing essential prevention measures9.
Postoperative Care
Owing to GDV’s rapid progression, early treatment can have dramatic benefits on survival; however, complications still often result from inadequate tissue perfusion. Cardiac arrhythmias of ventricular origin are a frequent postoperative side effect and should be treated using antiarrhythmic drugs like Lidocaine and Procainamide; fluid therapy should continue for 12 to 36 hours post-op as is ECG monitoring as well as checking vital signs such as PCV blood gases electrolytes and protein concentrations rechecked regularly throughout post op.
Postoperatively, a full exploration of the abdomen must be performed to verify proper gastric positioning, viability of stomach wall and spleen viability and removal of necrotic tissue as required; necrosectomy (partial gastrectomy and/or splenectomy). Gastropexy is then performed (permanent attachment of stomach to abdominal wall). This may be performed either prophylactically in high risk patients1 or as part of surgical treatment following GDV1.
A splenectomy may or may not be necessary, depending on the individual patient’s anatomy. Its aim is to ligate short gastric arteries and veins which have become damaged when trying to reverse clockwise volvulus.
At this point, the stomach will be attached to the right abdominal wall with right-sided gastropexy. The goal of this procedure is to form a permanent adhesion between its fundus and adjacent right abdominal wall to avoid future rotation and volvulus.
Once surgically stable, fluid therapy will continue as planned as well as any necessary medication to manage nausea and vomiting. Food should generally be withheld for 48 hours post surgery; antiemetics such as metoclopramide or maropitant may need to be administered if vomiting or regurgitation symptoms continue.
