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Information Wellness Blog

Detailed Reviews and Guides about energy and informational health and wellness

September 21, 2026|Editorial

Alternatives to Exposure Therapy

Despite its prominent role in anxiety treatment, exposure therapy has significant limitations. Achieving greater rigor and reproducibility in both mechanism measurement and exposure delivery would yield better clinical outcomes.

This is especially important for complex phobias like a fear of flying that doesn’t involve compulsions. Exposure therapy can help you reframe your reaction to a flight as manageable, rather than dangerous.

In vivo exposure

When people feel anxious, they tend to avoid feared objects, situations and activities. This avoidance may help them feel less fear in the short term, but it can lead to long-term anxiety and even depression. Exposure therapy is a form of psychotherapy that teaches people to confront their fears in a safe environment. In addition to reducing anxiety, this approach can also help treat other mental health conditions, including complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), phobias, and certain eating disorders. Exposure therapy is typically administered by a mental health professional, such as a psychologist or therapist.

Using VR technology, virtual reality exposure therapy can be used to mimic real-life situations that trigger anxiety. This method is especially useful in cases where traditional in vivo exposure therapy is impractical. For example, it can simulate a situation like flying on an airplane for someone with a fear of air travel. Studies show that virtual reality exposure is as effective as in vivo exposure for treating PTSD, phobias and social anxiety.

Research has shown that exposure therapy is a powerful treatment for anxiety disorders, but it remains underutilized in many psychotherapy practices. Negative beliefs about the tolerability and privacy of exposure techniques, as well as logistical barriers such as time and effort, may be some reasons why therapists do not fully use this approach.

PE involves gradual exposure to feared objects and situations, as well as relaxation exercises. Patients are taught to respond to feared cues with positive, self-affirming thoughts. They are also taught to notice when their anxiety levels become too high, so that they can stop or reduce the exposure. This process is sometimes difficult for patients to endure, but it is a critical part of the treatment.

Interoceptive exposure

Interoceptive exposure is a technique that involves deliberately and systematically inducing physical sensations like dizziness or a racing heart in a safe environment. It is used as a part of a comprehensive fear of flying treatment program at Anxiety & OCD Treatment Specialists in Tampa, Florida and NYC. It is a specialized form of exposure therapy that focuses on the body’s sensations and targets the root cause of fear of flying.

The therapist guides the patient through a series of exercises that produce a range of physical sensations. These include hyperventilation, shaking the head, putting the head between the legs, step-ups, holding breath, body tension, spinning, and breathing through a straw. Each exercise is carefully paced and never done without therapist guidance. The therapist will assess which sensations are most fear-provoking and then design an exposure hierarchy that will gradually increase the intensity of these sensations.

This approach can be particularly effective for those who experience a distorted perception of their body’s signals, such as believing that increased heart rate indicates a threat and they are about to have a heart attack. The goal of interoceptive exposure is to change this distorted interpretation by providing evidence that the body’s sensations are harmless.

It is important to remember that the purpose of IE is not to reproduce panic symptoms, but rather to teach a client to tolerate these feelings and to reduce their avoidance of these situations. In a therapeutic setting, it is impossible to perfectly replicate a person’s feared situations, so this type of exposure is not 100% successful. However, when combined with situational exposure to the airplane environment (from airport visits to actual flights), this approach produces more complete results than either alone.

Virtual reality exposure

Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that simulates environments that can be used for entertainment, education, and even mental health treatment. One of the most promising applications for VR is exposure therapy, where patients are exposed to feared stimuli in a safe and controlled environment. This treatment is effective for a variety of anxiety disorders, including phobias and PTSD. However, some studies of VR-based exposure therapy have used small sample sizes and do not use a control group. This research needs to be replicated with larger samples and comparisons to standard treatments.

VR is a useful tool for treating anxiety disorders because it allows therapists to create a controlled virtual environment that is tailored to each patient’s needs. It is also easier to administer than in vivo or imaginal exposure. In addition, VR is increasingly affordable as the cost of hardware and software continues to decline.

A VR-based exposure treatment typically begins with 2-3 initial sessions where the therapist provides psychoeducation regarding the patient’s disorder, reviews the relevant psychosocial history, and discusses the rationale for exposures. Afterward, the therapist guides the patient through an individualized pacing of VR-based exposures. In many cases, the exposures are followed by a session in which the therapist practices relaxation or other coping strategies.

In addition to reducing anxiety and fear, VR can help improve therapist training in the application of exposure therapy. It can also increase scalability and accessibility to evidence-based treatment. However, it is important to note that VR is not a magic bullet and should be used in conjunction with other, more traditional treatment approaches.

Graded exposure

The term “graded exposure” is used to describe a psychological treatment that involves facing your fears in safe conditions with a therapist. This type of therapy can help people with a variety of mental health conditions, including PTSD, phobias, and OCD. It may feel counterintuitive to confront your fears, but it can help you learn how to manage anxiety and live a life that isn’t controlled by fear.

Exposure therapy is a proven technique for treating anxiety and related disorders. In addition to relieving symptoms, it also helps people build resilience. In a recent study, researchers found that patients who underwent exposure therapy reported less pain and more satisfaction with their lives than those who did not. This is because exposure therapy teaches the brain to stop reacting to certain stimuli. In addition, it can reduce the amount of medication and physical therapy needed for pain relief.

In traditional exposure therapy, a therapist would gradually introduce a feared movement to the patient until they felt comfortable performing it without fear. They would then continue to repeat the exercise until they had a 50% reduction in their subjectively-reported fear. This approach was based on the principle of habituation, which is familiar to most people. For example, when a fan is turned on, you may start to hear it at first, but after some time, your brain becomes used to the sound and tunes it out.

Unlike other types of therapy, graded exposure therapy is done in vivo, which means that you face your feared movements or situations directly rather than using an imagined image. It’s important to understand the reasons for avoidance behaviour, as long-term avoidance can have significant psychological (hyperalgesia and depression), physical (limited physical performance and disuse syndrome), and societal consequences.

Flooding

For patients with anxiety and phobias, facing their fears is an essential part of treatment. This direct confrontation of fear promotes lasting behavioral change and reduces avoidance behaviors that maintain anxiety. While there are other treatments for anxiety and phobias, exposure therapy is unique in that it addresses the root cause of the symptoms. Exposure therapy also helps patients learn that their fears are not permanent and can be overcome without compulsions or rituals.

A rich body of experimental work with humans and animals has provided a foundation for exposure therapies. However, translation of mechanistic knowledge into clinical practice has been slow. This is reflected in the observation that many patients who receive exposure-based therapy remain symptomatic or experience a return of fear after treatment ends. This has led to a focus on combination and augmentation strategies, including the use of anxiolytic drugs.

Despite the challenges, progress in this area is encouraging. For example, new methods for measuring mechanisms (e.g., targeted maximum likelihood estimation and augmented inverse probability weighting) are making it easier to incorporate estimates from outcome and treatment propensity models. These methods can help to increase the rigor and validity of exposure research and improve outcomes.

Additionally, researchers can examine the role of individual differences in exposure therapy. For instance, individuals with anxiety sensitivity may have more severe distress responses during exposure. This could impact their ability to learn that external cues do not predict actual threat. Moreover, these individuals are less likely to benefit from exposure therapy than those with lower levels of anxiety sensitivity.

A thorough diagnostic assessment is important for choosing the best treatment option. Psychiatrists who have received advanced training in exposure therapy can treat a wide range of conditions, from specific phobias to complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is important to find a therapist with expertise in your condition and who can provide the appropriate level of support for you.

September 21, 2026|Editorial

Radiesthesia Books

In radiesthesia, samples have all the vibrational properties of the object we wish to measure just like orthodox laboratory samples do. However, a unique characteristic of vibrational samples is that they continue to reflect the energy status over time and across distances.

Radiesthesia was practiced in ancient Egypt as a precise science. It was also used by Jesuit missionaries to locate herbal remedies and underground water sources.

History

In ancient times science was a very special thing. It was reserved only for a select few, priests and the very top leaders of societies. This was particularly true for the science of Radiesthesia. This science was used to find underground water sources (Dowsing) and other things like herbs and gold. This was an extremely advanced and precise science that was practiced in Egypt and other parts of the world in ancient times. This science was lost as society grew more mechanistic and focused on material developments. However the concepts behind radiesthesia have remained, and in recent times this ancient science is making a comeback.

The late Abbe Mermet was a country priest and one of the most prominent dowsers in Europe in his time. He was the author of this book that details all his findings and methods on dowsing for herbs, healing, finding water, gold and many other things. He was also a pioneer in dowsing at a distance or Tele-Radiesthesia. This is a very thorough and easy to read book for anyone interested in learning how to dowse or improve their skills. The author is very gracious and shares all that he knows about this fascinating and ancient science of radiesthesia.

Techniques

Radiesthesia was practiced in Ancient Egypt as a precise science that allowed the pharaonic surgeons to perform brain operations that modern surgeons can only dream of. This science was also used for dowsing underground water sources (Water dowsing). Every gold mine that is discovered today in the Sinai desert was first detected by pharaonic geologists. The science of radiesthesia has survived through time as simple folklore and magical practices, but it is now preparing to take another long leap into the future on a scientific basis that is based on BioGeometry, transforming our modern world.

Radiesthesia books show you how to establish resonance with a subject through the use of a sample, just like samples are taken for laboratory tests in orthodox medicine. This vibrational sample will continue to reflect the energy status of the subject at any time, and also at a distance (Tele-Radiesthesia). The same method is used for healing as well as searches.

Instruments

Radiesthesia uses simple instruments, such as pendulums (also known as dowsing rods) and other electronic devices, to establish resonance with a vibrational sample of an object, person or environment. This sample has all the characteristics of an energetic “fingerprint” or signature, just as a physical blood, tissue or urine sample would have in orthodox laboratory practice. However, unlike a laboratory sample that only reflects the energy status at the time it was taken, a vibrational sample continues to reflect the object’s energetic state over time and distance.

The ancient Egyptian science of Radiesthesia survived through the ages in Europe, where it was used by Jesuit missionaries for finding herbal remedies in foreign lands and also for underground water detection (Dowsing). This science gave birth to Wilhelm Reich’s Orgone energy discovery and led to the modern field of “Psychotronics” and “Radionics”. It is also believed that Radiesthesia was the basis for a number of pre-pharaonic esoteric sciences, including Numbers and Sacred Geometry.

Applications

Radiesthesia is a highly versatile scientific technique which can be used for dowsing water, prospecting minerals, diagnosing disease and healing, and even for location at long distance. It is the launching pad for such sciences as Orgone energy (discovered by Wilhelm Reich) and radionics (pioneered by Charles Kelley).

This book, first published in France fifty years ago, combines sound practical advice on how to use the pendulum for dowsing, locating water, prospecting minerals and diagnosing disease with remarkable accounts of the author’s successes in teleradiesthesia and telediagnosis. Abbe Mermet, a village priest, became famous throughout Europe for his gifts as a radiesthetist and his research into our natural sensitivity to radiations and force-fields laid the foundation for this new science.

Madame Maury, who, before becoming a nurse, studed physics in Vienna, is a firm believer that all radiesthetic phenomena have a strictly physical origin. However, she also stresses that radiesthesia is an art of individual talent and the experiences of any one person cannot be attributed to anything but their own subconscious mind-activity.

A novice will find this a very valuable book to begin on as it gives a good basic introduction to the subject and does not advocate unnecessary refinements in instruments or technique. It will be of particular interest to those who are interested in the medical application of radiesthesia since the author was herself a nurse with conspicuous success in this field.

September 21, 2026|Editorial

Tensor Ring Construction

Tensor rings are a form of energy technology based on ancient units of measurement known as cubits. They produce a coherent energy field that harmonises and balances energies in the physical environment.

Unlike generic variational priors, the proposed ring-structured shrinkage prior ties each rank-interface hyperparameter to two neighboring core tensors. As a result, redundant rank components are pruned in structurally consistent manner. This allows Ra-BTRC to perform better than its counterparts under all sampling patterns.

Material

Tensor rings are closed copper loop coils that are designed to resonate at specific frequencies. They are known to amplify restrained energy several hundred times. They are made by twiddling copper wire into a ring and shaping it. The ring’s design and copper material imbue it with energies that influence the environment and the human body.

The tensor ring is a copper-based tool that is used in personal development and spiritual practices to create a more balanced and harmonious energy field. They are also used to protect against electromagnetic pollution in the home, office, and other environments.

When placed around water containers, tensor rings augment the energy of the water by changing its structure and frequency. These changes are subtle and often cannot be noticed by the naked eye. However, they have a positive impact on living things and may improve health and well-being.

In addition to amplifying the energy of water, tensor rings are also known to have a positive effect on plants and animals. One of the most common uses is in augmentation of plant vitality and growth. The rings organize space within their active and energetic column, which reduces inflammation and pain in the body and enhances healing response. They are also effective at reducing electromagnetic radiation in the water supply and in homes and offices.

During the 1980s to 1990s, Slim Spurling developed the technology of the tensor ring. This simple device is a closed, durable loop with a unique geometry that resonates at specific frequencies and has a profound effect on living biology and water. Originally called Light Life Rings, they are now commonly known as tensor rings.

These rings are crafted from copper wire that is cut to a precise cubit length and then twisted and shaped into a ring. The crafted ring has the same properties as the lost cubit, which vibrates at 177,000 Hz and is said to affect DNA and longevity.

According to the authors of Dancing with Water, tensor rings are able to trigger ORMUS or high spin state in water molecules. This allows the water to minimize an element’s weight and improves its molecular structure. They are also able to increase the coherence of water, which makes it easier for molecules to move and communicate with each other.

Measurements

When made to certain specifications, tensor rings amplify subtle energy for powerful effects on water and living biology. Developed by Slim Spurling in the 1990s and supported by exciting new research, these closed loop coils are crafted from copper wire twisted, measured and cut to precise cubit lengths. They generate a coherent energy field capable of harmonising and balancing the environment and the human body.

A tensor ring has a center that resonates at frequencies of 144 and 177 megahertz (MHz). This natural frequency is harmonically related to a number of natural physical constants. Depending on the specific size of the ring, it produces a distinct vibrational signature that can be felt and heard by some people. This unique resonance is a torsion field that interacts with matter and consciousness in profound ways.

Tensor rings are often used as a treatment for water, placed around a pitcher of water or over a faucet or shower head. When positioned in this way, the rings augment the molecular structure of water, improving its taste and overall energy. They can also cause some of the molecules in water to spin up to a high-spin state known as ormus, producing interesting phenomena like dowsing rods and smoke rings.

In addition, when a set of three rings of varying sizes based on golden ratio harmonics is used together, the rings establish a vibratory chord that resonates with the universal creative field of energy. When a tensor ring is placed near electronic devices, such as computers and Wi-Fi routers, it can help mitigate the negative electromagnetic pollution that emanates from these machines and creates a more harmonious, balanced atmosphere.

Many individuals use tensor rings in their personal healing and spiritual practices. Whether used in meditation, visualisation, or manifestation practices, they can support the development of clarity and higher states of consciousness. They can also be placed in healing spaces to enhance the efficacy of energy-based modalities, such as Reiki and acupuncture. Some people also place tensor rings around water containers, enhancing the water’s energetic properties and making it more beneficial for drinking or other uses.

Flattening

The flattening of a tensor ring amplifies its effects. This is accomplished by folding the initial twisted length and twisting it again (double twist). Hammering further enhances these effects. These steps transform the tensor into a transitional scalar wave that transmits its frequencies directionally in an unimpeded manner. This wave is compatible and supportive of normalizing processes in living tissue.

Tensor rings have many applications. They are used in healing modalities such as Reiki, acupuncture and massage therapy to improve the flow of vital life force or chi. They are also used to create a harmonious environment and support personal growth and spiritual practice. They can be placed in a home or office to neutralise negative energies, reduce electromagnetic pollution and enhance the atmosphere. People also use tensor rings to increase the effectiveness of certain meditation and visualisation practices.

A tensor ring is made of a double twisted pair of wires with a center C4. The center of the ring in theory exhibits unique ether energy generation characteristics and acts as a highly effective antenna for a range of electromagnetic and electro-gravitational waves. These include, but are not limited to, 144 and 177 megahertz light, which have been shown to have a direct effect on living organisms, weather and chemicals including water. In addition, a tensor ring can be placed in the middle of a resonant circuit to improve its performance and stability. This type of resonant circuit is often called an etheric resonator, and it can be made by placing the tensor ring in front of a metal or crystal bowl.

September 21, 2026|Editorial

Testicular Torsion Medicine

Testicular torsion is a true urologic emergency that requires immediate recognition, referral, and surgical exploration. Salvage of the affected testicle decreases with prolonged ischemia, reflecting the narrow therapeutic window emphasized by international guidelines.

This occurs when a testicle rotates, twisting the spermatic cord that supports the testis in the scrotum, and obstructs blood flow. Symptoms typically include sudden severe unilateral scrotal pain and loss of cremasteric reflex.

Testicular Torsion

It is important to remember that testicular torsion is a urologic emergency and should be treated as such. If left untreated, the twisted testicle can die within six hours due to blocked blood flow. This is because the testicle gets its blood supply through the spermatic cord, which becomes cut off when the testicle is twisted.

Symptoms of testicular torsion include sudden-onset pain in the scrotum and a reddish or purple coloration in the skin in the area of the painful testicle. If the pain is very severe, it can cause vomiting or passing of blood in the scrotum. The pain usually comes on quickly and lasts for a few hours. The testicle will also feel very heavy and swollen, and it may feel warm or cold to the touch.

The scrotum should be examined, and the physician will check for a blue dot sign, which is a small patch of bluish discoloration on the scrotal sac at the superior pole of the vulva, caused by cyanotic appendages (which serve no functional purpose). This sign is pathognomonic for testicular torsion and can be confirmed with color Doppler ultrasound.

The physician will also do a physical examination and compare the affected testicle to the unaffected one. The swollen testicle will be slightly erect and elevated above the other testicle, which will be more slouched. The presence of a cremasteric reflex is not reliable, as the pain of torsion does not relieve with elevation of the testicle. Prehn’s sign is also unreliable, since the pain of torsion is usually not relieved with stroking the ipsilateral thigh.

A history of previous testicular trauma or a family history of testicular torsion increases the risk of torsion. Infants can have torsion, though it is more common in older boys. Newborns with torsion are most likely to lose their affected testicle, because they don’t respond to pain as well as adults.

If the affected testicle isn’t saved, surgery will need to be done. The surgeon will sew stitches around the testicle, and this should prevent torsion from occurring in the future. If the affected testicle is removed, a prosthetic testicle can be put in place later. This type of prosthesis is made of silicone and filled with salt water, and it looks and feels like a normal testicle.

Diagnosis

Symptoms of testicular torsion include sudden, severe pain on one side of the scrotum (the pouch that holds the testicles), which is sometimes accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The pain is usually sharp and occurs in the absence of trauma or injury to the testicle or scrotum. Although rare in newborns, testicular torsion can occur at any age and often occurs more frequently during adolescence.

In cases of suspected torsion, the physician should evaluate the patient immediately with a physical exam. The patient should be asked about the time of onset of symptoms and whether there are associated urinary or abdominal symptoms. Patients may also describe intermittent pain that resolves spontaneously, known as intermittency. A urinalysis can be useful to rule out other conditions such as infectious epididymitis, hematoma, or strangulated inguinal hernia.

Doppler ultrasound of the testicle can be helpful in diagnosing torsion. It is important to perform the test with the patient lying on his or her back and comparing the asymptomatic testicle with the painful testicle. Doppler ultrasound can identify decreased blood flow to the testicle and help in determining if the torsion is severe and requiring immediate surgical management.

During surgery, the surgeon will attempt to remove the torsed testicle and reconnect its blood supply to the spermatic cord. This procedure, called an orchiectomy, is typically an outpatient procedure. Occasionally, the urologist will need to use stitches to repair the scrotal incision. Stitches are not visible and do not affect sexual function or performance.

Although there have been improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of testicular torsion, it remains a surgical emergency. The sooner the testicle is repaired, the higher the chance of saving it. In cases where the twist has been present for more than 8 hours, the likelihood of saving the testicle drops significantly. Therefore, it is essential that all patients with scrotal pain be evaluated by a urologist in the emergency department to evaluate for torsion and consider operative exploration.

Treatment

Testicular torsion is a common and potentially deadly condition that requires immediate attention. It can be caused by the rotation and twisting of the testicle, which causes swelling and cuts off the blood supply. Testicular viability declines rapidly six hours after onset of symptoms, so early diagnosis is critical. Approximately 1 in 4000 men under the age of 25 will experience testicular torsion each year. It is the most common reason for scrotal pain and accounts for a significant number of visits to the emergency department.

When patients describe severe, unilateral testicular pain they should be evaluated for torsion. The pain should be described as sudden, sharp and intense. The patient should be asked about other symptoms and the scrotum, testicles, abdomen and groin should be examined. The diagnosis of testicular torsion is based on history and physical examination; no laboratory testing is necessary.

In a patient with suspected testicular torsion, the emergency physician should immediately explore the scrotum and remove the testis, if it is still viable. This may require general anesthesia. Ideally, the patient should be admitted to the hospital for this purpose.

Symptoms of torsion include swelling, redness and warmth of the testicle and pain that is worse when lying down or exercising. Some patients will describe a feeling like they have to urinate right away and will experience nausea or vomiting. Newborn infants can have testicular torsion, but it is less common than in older children. It is important to note that the spermatic cord twist in newborns is different from adults and can sometimes be missed. Infants can present with a hard scrotal mass rather than an painful, enlarged testicle and their pain may be less intense.

Some risk factors for testicular torsion are family history, being overweight and having a bell clapper deformity (the testis attaches high on the spermatic cord and can rotate). Blocked blood flow from the testicle can lead to permanent damage within several hours. The loss of a testicle also affects fertility in men and can cause an inability to father children.

Prevention

The urologist will usually try to save the testicle by performing a procedure called orchiopexy, which involves sewing the bottom of the testicle to the wall of the scrotal sac (the loose bag under the penis that contains the testicles). This reduces the likelihood of future twisting. If the testicle cannot be saved, it will need to be removed. The urologist will also sew a band around the other testicle to prevent the possibility of future torsion in that area as well.

Unfortunately, it’s impossible to fully prevent testicular torsion. Some people have a genetic trait that makes their testicles move more freely in the scrotum, and some experience sudden pain when they exercise or get too hot, which triggers the twisting process. Others have undescended testicles, which don’t attach properly to the scrotum and can spin easily. Then there are people who have injuries to their groin, like kicks during sports or falls, that can jiggle the testicle and cause it to twist.

Some people think that testicular torsion only happens during physical activity, but the truth is that it can happen anytime, even during rest. A twist can occur during sleep, which is referred to as nocturnal testicular torsion. Other times it occurs during sudden activity, such as a sprint or a jump, when the body suddenly shifts or flexes in ways that can make the testicle rotate and cut off blood flow.

Even when a person isn’t physically active, the sudden pain that can result from testicular torsion may wake them up or feel like a simple cramp. The key is to recognize the symptoms and seek emergency care as soon as possible, since the sooner the twisted testicle is untangled, the better chance it has of being saved.

It’s important to remember that even if the testicle has been saved, it will likely not grow back, because the damage has already been done. Therefore, most patients with testicular torsion will need a surgical procedure called orchiopexy to prevent future problems. It’s also a good idea for all people to be aware of the warning signs, so they can get help as soon as possible, especially young boys who might have scrotal pain in the middle of the night or early in the morning.

September 21, 2026|Editorial

Can Adrenochrome Reverse Aging?

What is Adrenochrome?

Adrenochrome is an unstable chemical compound that forms when epinephrine is oxidized. It’s also known as adrenaline monosemicarbazone or carbazochrome, and it has the chemical formula C9H9NO3. The molecule has little practical use, but it is stable enough to be studied in laboratory settings. Scientists believe adrenochrome stimulates the uptake of oxygen and promotes blood clotting. It’s not clear what triggers this effect, but it is associated with a reduction in the amount of superoxide anion in the bloodstream.

The molecule first achieved notoriety when French physician Alfred Vulpian noted that adrenaline extracted from mammalian suprarenal glands turned a reddish color upon exposure to the air. This phenomenon was replicated in the laboratory, and the substance that resulted from oxidation into its pure crystalline form was named adrenochrome. It’s a complex biomolecule that has garnered interest in psychiatric research and neurochemistry, and it is believed to have significant influence on mood.

Its alleged rejuvenating effects and psychedelic properties earned adrenochrome an appearance in the 1970 novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas by Hunter S. Thompson, a book that freely blends fact and fiction. The novel’s attorney character, Dr. Gonzo, claimed that there was only one source for adrenochrome: the adrenaline glands of a living human body.

This claim isn’t based on scientific evidence, but it has taken root among QAnon believers. This fringe movement believes that wealthy individuals torture children to harvest adrenochrome, and they inject this substance into themselves to stay young and healthy. In 2016, a man who bought into this conspiracy theory launched a hysterical attack on a pizza restaurant in Washington, D.C., claiming that the chain was holding children captive to harvest their adrenochrome.

How Does Adrenochrome Work?

An unstable chemical formed by the oxidation of adrenaline, the hormone that gives mammals their red color, adrenochrome is named for its source, adrenaline, and for its deeply colored form (it’s a combination of the words adrenaline and chrome). It has no practical uses. Psychiatrists Abram Hoffer and Humphry Osmond observed that symptoms of schizophrenia share similarities with those of mescaline, and hypothesized that adrenochrome was to blame, but their claims were dismissed as false.

The idea resurfaced in the book Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas by Hunter S. Thompson, which mixes fact and fiction; a fictional character says that “there’s only one place to get this stuff—the adrenaline glands of a living human body.” This story found new life on anti-Semitic 4chan message boards, where it became part of the belief that global elites kidnap children to harvest their adrenochrome and inject it into themselves for longevity.

How to Get Adrenochrome

Adrenochrome has hitherto been produced on an industrial scale by oxidizing adrenaline or its salts with ereussish meal (potassium ferricyanide) in an aqueous solution medium. This method is inconvenient since a large amount of potassium ferricyanide must be used, which poses considerable problems in terms of waste water treatment and also leads to a high variability of product quality. The literature indicates that persulfates can be employed as oxidizing agents, which precludes the above-mentioned problems but has the disadvantage that a long reaction time is required for complete oxidation.

The invention provides a process for the production of adrenochrome in high purity in an economical manner. It consists in the oxidation of adrenaline in an aqueous solution containing specific water-soluble metal salts, thereby accelerating the oxidation process so that adrenochrome can be obtained in a relatively short period of time. Furthermore, the inventive method increases both the operating efficiency of the device and the yield of adrenochrome obtained.

In the present invention, an aqueous solution of adrenaline hydrochlorid and 50 g of water is prepared in a suitable quantity. To this is added an aqueous solution of persulfate (23.4 g; 0.212 mole) and the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes below 5deg C, during which time a deep orange solid precipitates out. The resulting precipitate is separated from the reaction mixture by filtration and washing and is isolated as powder of adrenochrome monoaminoguanidine. Its infra-red and ultraviolet absorption spectra and melting point agree with those of an authentic adrenochrome, which was confirmed by paper chromatography in six different solvent systems.

The adrenochrome obtained is then stabilized by treatment with conventional derivatives of hydrazine, such as aminoguanidin, semicarbazid or phenylhydrazine, to prevent further oxidation and to obtain a stable, commercially feasible product. The reaction time required for the maximum adrenochrome yield varies within the range of 30 to 60 minutes depending on the type of water-soluble metal salt employed. This means that the adrenochrome can be obtained within a relatively short time in high yields. The adrenochrome thus obtained is particularly useful as hemostatic agents.

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